§    Dress infants and children warmly for outdoor activiites.  Several thin layers will keep them dry and warm.  Clothing for children should consist of thermal long johns, turtlenecks, one or two shirts, pants, sweater, coat, warm socks, boots, gloves or mittens, and a hat.
§    The rule of thumb for older babies and young children is to dress them in one more layer of clothing than an adult would wear in the same conditions.
§    Hypothermia develops when a child's temperature falls below normal due to exposure to cold.  It often happens when a youngster is playing outdoors in extremely cold weather without wearing proper clothing.  As hypothermia sets in, the child may shiver and become lethargic and clumsy.  His speech may become slurred and his body temperature will decline.
§    Frostbite happens when the skin and outer tissues become frozen.  This condition tends to happen on extremities like the fingers, toes, ears and nose.  They may become pale, gray and blistered.  At the same time, the child may compain that his skin burns or has become numb.  If frostbite occurs, bring the child indoors and place the frostbitten parts of his body in warm (not hot) water.  104 degrees Fahrenheit (about the temperature of most hot tubs) is recommeded.  Warm washcloths may be applied to frostbitten nose, ears and lips.  Do not rub the frozen areas.  After a few minutes, dry and cover him with clothing or blankets.  Give him something warm to drink.  If the numbness continures for more than a few minutes, call your doctor.
§    If your child suffers from winter nosebleeds, try using a cold air humidifier in the child's room at night.  Saline nose drops may help keep tissues moist.  If bleeding is severe or recurrent, consult your pediatrician.
§    Many pediatricians feel that bathing two or three times a week is enough for an infant's first year.  More frequent baths may dry out the skin, especially during the winter.
§    Cold weather does not cause colds or flu.  But the viruses that cause colds and flu tend to be more common in the winter, when children are in school and are in closer contact with each other.  Frequent hand washing and teaching your child to sneeze or cough into the bend of his elbow may help reduce the spread of colds and flu.
§    Children between the ages of 6 and 59 months should get the influenza vaccine to reduce their risk of catching the flu.
§    The sun's rays can still cause suburn in the winter, especially when they reflect off snow.  Make sure to cover your child's exposed skin with sunscreen.

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